Drier



`Fune 2, 936. o. s. ANDERSON ET AL 292,979A A DRIER '7 Sheets-Sheet 1Filed April 18, 1934 f fr A Jun@ 2, 1936 o.' s. ANDERSON ET AL 2,042,979

DRIER 7 sheets-sheet 2 Filed April 18, 1934 Sm .E DI? NAN Gttornegs.

June 2, i936.

O. S. ANDERSON ET AL DRIER Filed April 18, 1934 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 Affi/IIl mm. Z

"Wim

- 7 sheets-sheet 4 June 2, 1936. o. s. ANDERSON ET Al.

YDRIER Filed April 18, 1934 Jun.: 2, 1936.

` o. s. ANDERSON ET Al.

DRIER Filed April 18, 1934 7 Sheets-Sheet I5 Cittornegs.

June 2, 1936^ o. s. ANDERsoN ET Al. 2,042,979

DRIER Filed April 18, 1934 nnentors.

l Jun@ m36 o. s. ANDERSON ET AL. 2,042,979

DRIER Filed April 18, 1954 '7 Sheets-SheetV 7 'Il 2 l Fay/720125Z.'.711(75150 Bg s l I I Y (Ittofneg' Patented June 2, 1936 UNITED STATES pDRIER corporation of Ohio Application April 18, 1934, Serial-No. 721,226

33 Claims.

This invention relates to driers, and pertains' more particularly tothatYtype wherein the material toV be treated is introduced at or adjacentone end of the structure and travels toward a .discharge opening at theother end, the material duringits-movement being cascaded over a lcageor series of heated pipes carried by a rotary structure located Within astationary outer casing. Mounted upon. and movable over the pipes areScrapers which act to remove any accumulated material from the pipes,and the manner of connecting and actuating the Scrapers forms onefeature of the invention.

In driers of the general type above described,

. particularly Where the material is adherent, the

scraper elements, or certain o1" them, have a tendency to `compact thematerial against the ends orv heads which support the pipes. One of theobjects of the present invention is to provide means whereby thiscompaction is precluded, or, if'it inheres, the compacted` mass isdisrupted so that the resultant pieces or particles may be readilypicked up and cascaded.

With this and other advantages of structure and operation in View,reference is had to the annexed drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 isa `side elevation, with parts broken away, and the cover andpan in section, ofthe forward end of the drier, and illustrative moreparticularly of the variable feed mechanism, the drivingmeans,4 and theexhauster or suction fan;

Fig. 2, a transverse vertical sectional viewtaken onA the line II-IIofFig. l;

Fig. 3, a plan view, partly in section, with the cover or enclosingshell removed;

Fig. 4, a Vertical sectional View of the intake end of the machine,illustrating more particularly the driving means for rotatingYthecascading drum and the heating pipes located therein, as well asmoving the scrapers to and fro over the pipes;

Fig, 5, a sectional view on a somewhat enlarged scale, illustrative ofcertain details of the mechanism employed for driving the Scrapers backand.

' end of the drier, disclosing the outlet for dried =material and themeans whereby the heating medium is caused to flow through the pipeelements;

Fig. 8, a detail sectional view onV the linev VIII-VIII of Fig. l0, ofthe annular spreader for -the compacted material at the discharge end ofthe: apparatus and illustrative more particularly of its cross-sectionform and the manner in which itis secured to the adjacent head;

Fig, 9, a transverse vertical sectional View, taken on line IX-IX ofFig. 4, showing the pan, the drum and allied parts .looking toward theintake end of the drier;

Fig. 10, a similar viewlookingtoward the dis.- charge end andtaken onthe line X-X of Fig. 7;

Fig. 11; a perspective view of the drum body;

Fig. 12, a like view` illustrating two of the pipe scraper elements,showing the manner in which they are connected and also the attachmentof they forward one (at left oi' gure) to the shaft employed'toreciprocate the Scrapers;

Fig. 13, a sectional elevation of the annular cone-shaped .memberemployedA to disruptthe compacted material at the discharge end of thedrier;

Figs.'v 14 and.. 15, transverse vertical sectional Views taken on thelines XIV-XIV and XV--XV, respectively,l off'Fig. '7 and illustratingmore particularly the passages for the flow of the heating mediumthrough one ofthe drum and pipe-supporting heads; i and Fig. 16, a`longitudinal sectional View taken on the line XVI-XVI of Fig. 10, anddepicting the passages just referred to, together withzthe pipes.

In the drawings, I denotes a base or frame upon which is mounted andsecured a bottom 2V semicircular in cross section and closed by ends 3and t, thus in eect forming a semi-circular trough.

Secured to the base I and extending along each oi theupperlongitudinaledges of the trough are angle irons Sand 6, respectively, with oneelementY extending outwardly and forming a. seat for a cover-1, Fig. 1.4Said cover extends throughout substantially two-thirds olf-the length ofthe structure and stands Well away at its upper portion from the dryingmeans shortly to be described, so that the vapor driven oii as theresult of the drying action can readily rise away from the material andthus preclude a cooking action in the drier. An exhaust fan 8 isconnected to the upperV portion of cover I anddraws oiany vapors, Asecond and lower cover 9, Figs. 1 and 2, is employed to enclose theforward or intake end of the machine.

The .heating pipes with which the material to be dried comes intocontact, are denoted throughout. by. II andy are associatedI with andserve to rotate the two heads I2 and` I3 through means later described.Said heads are located at opposite ends of the drying chamber (members2, 3, 4, 'I and 9).

The construction of the head I2 is such that the pipes II extend throughopenings formed therein, or, more specifically, through openings formedin the inclined faces of the annular material spreader I4, which iscone-shape in cross section, (see more particularly Figs. 3 and 4),andwhich, in the form shown, is integral with the head I2. In theinstant case, the pipes are shown as provided with blocks or closuresIIa inward of the cone-shape spreader or deector I4, which blocks arepermanently held Within the pipe. 'I'his is brought about by abuttingadjacent ends of pipe sections and welding the same together, and to ablock I Ia which projects into the adjacent ends of the pipe sections.See Figs. 3 and 4.

By leaving the outer ends of the pipes open, air may freely enter thesame and maintain those portions of the pipes which extend from theblock outwardly through the deector in a relatively cool condition. Atthe opposite end, the pipes extend through openings formed in a secondcone-shape deflector or spreader I6 (see Figs. '7, 8 and 13), and arethreaded into openings formed in the inner face of an annular exhaustchamber II formed upon or in the head I3. See more particularly Fig. 16.

A' series of smaller diameter pipes I8 is connected with a supplychamber I9, Fig. 7, formed in head I3 extending into and through pipesII, the opposite ends of the pipes I8 terminating short of the blocksIleL (Figs. 3 and 4). Said pipes are preferably arranged in two spacedannular series, the pipes in each series being spaced from each other asmost clearly indicated in Fig. 14.

The annular spreader I6, (see Figs. '7, 8, 13 and 16), is formedseparate from head I3 and is secured to the inner face thereof bymachine screws 2I passing through openings 22 and into threaded openingsformed in the head. Head I3 is formed on its outer face with twoconcentric outwardly extending collars or annular anges 23 and 24, tothe former of which is secured an elongated and substantially tubularmember 25. At its inner end, said member is so contoured as to be incommunication with exhaust chamber II through the space between thecollars.

A steam supply pipe 26 extends through member 25 in spaced relationthereto and is in direct communication with the supply chamber I9. AWasher 2'I secured to the outer end of collar 24 encircles pipe 26 andshuts off communication at that point between the inlet and exhaustpassages. As will be best seen upon reference to Figs. 14, 15 and 16,the head casting I3 is so cored as to ensure proper flow of the heatingmedium.

.Member 25 forms one of the axles or supports for the rotatable elementsof the drier, (see Fig. '7). It extends through bearings denotedgenerally by 28 mounted and secured Within a box-like housing 29,adjustably carried for alignment with the bearing elements at theopposite end of the mechanism by a rigid bracket structure 3|. At itsouter end, member 25 carries a stufing box 32 into which pipe 25 issecured in communication with a steam supply 33. An exhaust pipe 34 alsoopens into the chambered portion of the box. Any suitable form ofmounting for the head I3 may, of course, be employed with other featuresof the invention.

Heads I2 and I3 are secured to each other in rigid spaced relation by adrum, preferably of the form shown in detail in Fig. 11. It may be saidto be formed of two metallic sheets 35 and 36, each of semi-circularform. One edge of each section is provided with an inwardly projectingange 3l, while the opposite edge is cut away to produce a plurality ofarms 38, the ends whereof are bent inwardly as at 39, said endsoverlying the flange of the adjacent flange to Which they are riveted orotherwise secured.

To each side of each of the arms, the metal on the downgoing side oredge of each of the elements 35 and 3S is bent outwardly, forming scoopsor litters 4I which act to gather the material from the lower portion ofthe drier and to introduce it into the drum through the longitudinallydisposed openings formed to each side of the straps. The drum at eachend, see Figs. 3 and 11, is formed With a series of longitudinallyextending arms or ngers 42, which overlie the heads I2 and I3 and towhich they are rigidly secured.

As the drum is rotated, the material thus picked up is cascaded onto thereel of heated pipe within the drum, where it is not only heated but toa great degree broken up should it be in masses. As will be seen uponreference to Figs. 9 and 10, the material as it drops will pass outthrough the then lowermost opening and be again picked up by the nextmoving scoop or element 4I.

To the inner face of each arm, and so positioned that they abut therespective annular' spreaders I4 and I6, are wedge elements 43, V-shaped in cross-section and inclined to the inner surface of the drum.

In other words, each of these elements presents an exposed inclined edgewhich slants upwardly toward the outer end of the drum or the adjacentannular spreaders, and

two side faces which latter diverge toward the',

end of the drum at which they are located. These wedge-shaped elementslikewise act as disrupters or spreaders upon the material as the same isor may be compacted through the action of the pipe Scrapers. larly Figs.3 and 12, may be said to comprise a series of spaced plate-like members,annular in outline.

Three of such members are shown and are 40 f Said Scrapers, see moreparticunumbered 44, 45 and 4B, respectively, and each is provided withopenings as 4'! through which the heating pipes II extend. TheseScrapers are not rigidly aiiixed to each other but are connected Ysomewhat loosely by rods 48 having nuts on their ends with spacing tubes49 placed on the rods and intermediate adjacent plates. This manner ofconnection permits the scrapers to acccmmodate themselves to anymoderate degree of sag of the pipes which may occur after extended use.

The length of the spacing tubes is madeV slightly shorter in theaggregate than the overall length of the rods 48 between the nutssecured upon the outer ends thereof, so as to provide a degree of lostmotion in the movement of the Scrapers back and forth. Being suspendedloosely upon the rods, the scraper plates take different bearingpositions on the pipes during screws-..511 passing through. the

w noted generally by.' Git, secured'.y

are two contracting: rings 5.8

the;Y rotation of theadrnm; including theheads' and thepipes, areeifected through amechanism. about'. to-be described, all ofthe,driving* Dalits for producing such. motions; the, drier proper.

Scraper element 46 formed with an inwardly' prbiectng'annular flange5I', and extending inwardly therefrom are. arseries on spokes. whichyterminate attheir inner-ends: in a hub-like: ele.- ment 53;. Said-.huhntted oir the inner-reduced end of anshaf-tV A; bong-:keyed thereto asat: 55;.A A coverplatei 5.6 of' a diameter'such as to. cover.v theshaft. ondas well as ythe..adjacent end. of the hub. isfsecn'red inplace bya plurality: of cap plate and. into the shaft` end.. Thisplate,- while,- assisting inl se,- curingf the; hub to the.y shaft,likewiseaprovidles. a. coverr and preventsingressf 'off material under:-going:l treatment.. or the. oil thereitrom pass..- ing. inbetweentheshaft. and

It is to be. noted thatv the. edge of eaclrspoke 5.2. which' facestoward the' head IZ; is beveled or1 brought. to a, sharp.- edge; 528,.see. Figs. 4 and, 9... It Willi also be. apparent' upon. an inspection.of; Fig.. 4, that said edgesliey parallel to the inner.v edge of' webs58', extending inwardly fromthe. innervface oi; the. head. Ila-nd.'terminating inthe centrally disposed cylindrical hublike-element 5,9.

Extending. through-` the hunl land surrounding the adjacent portion of'shaft 54 and in` spacedy relation thereto. is an elongated hollow shaftor sleeve GIL, the same. being keyed at 54ai to.. head I2 and likewiseto a. gearflla..V The; hollow shaft adjacent gear B2' is. supported. in.a. bearing deto aflxed' member 64 ofthe machine framm. (see moreparticularl'y- Figs. 3 and 4);..

To provide a support. forthe: shaft-'54: adjacent the head |12', theinnermost end. of the hollowshaft/65|. is cut out to increase itsinternal: diameter; forminga. sea-.t for a bear-.ing sleeve Collar 66 ismounted on the outerendl of the; hollow'sha-ft and is. secured thereonby' arr-element 61. Mounted the. collar orffcap-piece 66 and 6.9, theformer bearing directly against the.y addacentfend of the. sleeve 65 andserving to; hold. thev same in itsv properposition.A Furthermore, the.ringsV preclude passage of oil along the shadtin either direction. The.construction. as:l above sety forth, ensures` ai proper support; forthev intake end of. the drum and its allied parts, while. stillpermittingy free movement ofthe shaft'. 5t to. move the, Scrapers aswill now be described.

Outward of `gea-r 62 the. shaftextends through a bearing 1=I', composed.of upper' `and lower sections. supported by a fixed' frame element 112iwith. an interposed babbitt. bearingV 13.

Member 1I .is formed with an annular4 groove 1I!vr exteriorl'y thereofanda. transversely extending: key or4 bar 15 isseated in the uppermostportion of the groove, the key, (seeliigs. 5i andi 6);, likewise.extending through. the seat: formed in the inner face of the babbitt atsuch point, which babbittfin turn extends upwardly lntofa, transverselyextending openingv or recess 1'1 formed in the.4 upper portion of theframe element 12. A set screw 18y extends: through frame element 152",and at its lower end contacts key' 15 preferably ad- -jacent one end`thereof, thus-l locking the key againstl any movement under normaloperation ofthe machine.

The upper portion of bearing 1I is provided with an extension 19 andframe member" 122 is Jprovid'edwith va similar extension `llI andaligning' being-located rmtsidezofl openings are .fmzmed therein.Mounted in; each2 is: a tubularv member :82. and` of these. elements;83, respectively, preferably formed of hard. steel andextending: throughwhich a.shear pi-rrMV produced. from: a softer steel.. This pinholdsztheparts in the position, shown under normal opera,u tion. of the.machine, but should the Scrapers-becomeY wedged or prevented from.moving; through their normal' pathsg the: member 1-I Vwill bev czuxsedto. rotate,4 thereby shearing pin 84 and thusv dis-f connecting theparts. and permitting the member 1I to rotate so that. reciprocation ofshaft 54,l which. is normallyJ effected through meansfshertly to bedescribed', is precluded.

By placing set, screw 18 toward; one end. of `key 15, the; part' 1; I-`is.l not. held. against rotation.;'whenV the. shear* pin. is;v disruptedby abnormal condi-f tions, as might be the case were the screw-.locateddirectly over.l the center of thev bearing; and; shaft... This latterlarrangement has. been found te havei a tendency to clamp the parts andto prevent. rotationof the member 1I when pin- 8.4. is broken. The`babbittis designedA to stand a compression load ofY approximately 3000.lbs. Said. meme ber 1I is provided with an integral projection'y 85inwhich there. is formed a vertically disposed socket, 86;, designed toreceive the stem 8't of a. follower orshoe.A 88.. Member 1|-, withwhichthe follower-'.88- is: associated, may be. termedr there.-V tainertherefor. Y

Follower 8.8 is:designed, tocoactI with a cylinfL drical cam formeduponthe; outer' portion: of. shaft. 54', there. being present right andlefthand spiral: grooves` 89' and, 9;I,. the grooves passing into eachother at their ends..

A housing 92 is employed to enclose the-shaft. as. seen in Fig. 4e, thesame being secured to element 141. Anyl suitable mea-nsA may beemployed-A to impart. motion tothe shaft, and in; the instant casean.electric motorl 93'- secured. to membeiie in any suitable; manner isshown.

Ashaft 9d driven by the motor carries-:a bevel pinion 95 which mesheswith the bevelgear .'98, secured to a sha-ft 91;, whichy latterliesparallel to shaft 5.4.. Said. shaft 91 carries a pinion` 98f which inturn meshes: withthe gear SZkeyed tothe.4 elongated sleeve or hollowdriving. shaft; GEI-f.. Said shaft is likewise v keyed to. the fhead I2vthrough a key 548', and uponrotation of: the-shattthrough the gearingabove describedygrotary'moetion is imparted to the heads' I2: and I3',.theedruml 35, the. cage of heatingl pipes and, of-necessity, theScrapers Whichare mounted upon pipes., Thus it. wilt be. seen that. allof the movable ele-- ments within the drying` chamber aref driven, from.the: shaft BI, and inasmuch as'thehubfliS` is. keyed to shaft 54,` as at55, Fig. 4, rotary mo-I tion is. likewise imparted to said shaft 54'.

Aswi'll be readilyI appreciated, all of the mechas nism for actuatingthe shaft 54 is without. the drier proper and, consequentlm. is notsubjected to. heat.

As vabove indicated the material to be treated' is. introduced into thehead end of' the drier-'or adjacent vhead I2, and is discharged atthe-'op'- posite end as through an openingl 99,` Figs. 7 and I0. The'material to be treated may beI dilrectly introduced if so desired and'thefrate of passage of the material through ther-drier will becontrolled by the rate of feed and likewiseV by thev inclination of thebottom Z toward-'the discharge end; either or both.

In the instant case, a feeding; device, adiufcst-` able asto` rate offeed is shown,. see Fig., l. It4 may be saidv to comprise. a `hopper.Izll'Iv which discharges into trough |02 in which is mounted a feedscrew or worm |03 which underlies the hopper and terminates at the upperend of a chute 04, the lower end whereof stands in a tangential relationto the drum on the downgoing side thereof, see Fig. 2.

The feed screw is actuated by a sprocket chain deriving its motion fromshaft 91, the chain at the upper portion passing over a sprocket |05,

-associated with adjustable and variable mechanism denoted generally by|06, to vary the rate of rotation of the feed screw or worm andconsequently the amount of material introduced into the drier during anygiven period.

As will be'seen upon reference to Fig. 1, the variable feed mechanism issuch that it may be readily removed and a large opening left at theupper or intake end of the chute. 'I'his enables the introduction ofmaterial into the drier directly from an attrition mill or otherpre-treating mechanism.

It is thought that the operation of the machine will be clearlyunderstood from the foregoing description, but a brief rsum will be Jgiven.

Assuming that material is introduced into the drier by the feedmechanism shown in Fig. 1,

or directly from an attrition mill, it would pass downwardly onto therotatable drum and even- I tually some of it will pass in through theopeningsin the side of the drum, assuming that one of said openings isuppermost at that time; otherwise, the material will pass to the bottomof the pan and be picked up by the blades 4| and casca-ded over theheating pipes as the drum rotates.

During this operation, the scrapers are moved to and fro over the pipes,keeping the surfaces clean and free of any adherent material, which ifpermitted to rest thereon would cake and char, this lat-ter assumingthat the heating is suiliciently high to bring about such charring andpossible burning action.

As the Scrapers move to the left in Figs. 3 and 4, some of the materialwill be carried forward by the scraper 46 and as it nears the end of itsstroke, that is when it comes within a short distance of head I2, therewill be an accumulation of material ahead of the same. This material 'flwould naturally be compressed by the scraper and prevent the scraperfrom reaching the end ofits stroke were it not for the presence of thedeilectors or disrupting elements I4, or I4 and 43, or I6 and 43, as thecase may be, which members serve to defiect the material inwardly andoutwardly, as well as laterally, this latter by the members 43. 52e ofthe spokes 52 coacting with the webs 58,

tend to cut upor further disrupt any compacted material.

In this manner, any compacted material is disrupted and drops away fromthe scraper, and

passes into the drum or through the opening inv the drum to the pan 2.The material` is not carried by the Scrapers in the sense that all thematerial in the drier is moved at one time thereby; probably not morethan or 10% or-there-f about of the material in the drier tends tocompact at the end of the scraper travel.

-,On'some materials which are granular and not sticky, the scraper maypossibly be omitted; however, Wherever the material is adherent and maybe compressed and sticks together, the de ectors or disrupters are foundhighly eilicient So, too, the sharpened edges so that thescrapers may beoperated without any stoppage or breakdown of the apparatus.

It is evident, of course, that the disrupting element at the dischargeend of the machine where the material has become dried to the desiredextent may be omitted in some instances, for when the material reachesthis point it is no longer sticky or adherent, unless the material issticky by nature even when moisture-free.

It may be stated that when drying material for use in presses of thetype shown in Letters Patent to Anderson, No. 1,773,771, and others oflike import, the material is dried below atmospheric moisture. aware aremade to dry from high percentages of moisture, say 50% to 15%, down to8% to 10% produced a certain percentage of flour-like material whichreadily adheres to all surfaces, es-

Most driers of which we are pecially when the material containsmoisture, or is damp. With the present drier, the moisture content maybe reduced to below 1% to 2% moisture from products containing from 8%to 10% moisture, the materials being usually introduced in a ground orrolled condition. In drying copra,

for instance, with a view of expressing the oil therefrom, it .is driedto #6% to 1% moisture from 4% to 5% moisture.

The Scrapers are in these instances necessaryA to prevent sticking andcrusting or burning of the material on the pipes, and to maintain thedrier at as near maximum eiciency as possible.

In operation where steam say at 200 350 sure employed, burning will takeplace if the mass of material becomes encrusted, producing charcoal intime, which when it falls 01T becomes admixed with the other materialpassing through the drier and results in a dark colored meal and a darkcolored oil.

This charred material has been known to burst into ilame, which is bothdangerous and costly to subdue. By drying as low as we can with thepresent structure, we also prevent the loss of considerable protein orammonia from the material when subjected to high pressure in a press ofthe Anderson type.

It may be stated that when drying materials for use in presses of thetype shown in Letters Patent to Anderson, No. 1,773,771, and others oflike import, the material is dried below atmospheric moisture, and theprocess of drawing off the moisture or Vapor as fast as it isevaporated, when drying before pressing, improves the protein content ofthe cake or meal after it is pressed in the type of press mentionedabove. By

the usual process of cooking the meal preparatory to pressing in ahyraulic press, the cooking action on the material has a tendency ofchanging certain of' the proteins into an indigestible state, while thedrying process leaves the protein digestible.

The usual chemical analysis for protein does not show this difference inproteins contained in the material. However, actual feeding testscarried out by various State have proven this to be a fact. shown in abulletin published by Agricultural Experiment Station Ohio, entitledSoybeans and Soybean Oil Meal for Pigs, by W. L. Robison, Bulletin #452.f

F. to F. is used, depending upon the steam pres- It has also been foundthat thev casein is preserved in meals that are dried before pressing,so

that zthey 'may be rfused in the manufacture Vof :2. Astructure;asfsetfforth' in claim 1, wherein casein glues; 'I'he Ausualcookingprocess on the other hand, cooks the casein so thatit is notsuitablezto be used for glue. r

. Where the .material is cookedxat'highmoisture content, some protein.or ammo-nia is driven off in the formof vapor. When,rhowever, .thematerial is dried at `low :temperaturesfas low in moisture as abovestated, this zloss'is practically eliminated .when it is'furtherprocessed ina: tempering apparatus and `.press of the typeabovespecified. The temperaturefof the material passing through the drier.will be regulated and maintained so that 7thecmaterial will not.reachfatemperature above :boilingpoinh andlrin most `caseslthetemperature range willi be approximately '150 F. The material does notstay in the apparatus for any :considerable period of time, fifteenminutes being lallsuflicientin most cases, andvarying of course withthe. material undergoing treatment.

As above noted, the member 1 stands -Wellaway from the drum so that thevapor can readily arise from the material and not produce a cooking ac-,tionin-the idrier. 'I'his high domed section also v :preventsvthe'exhaust fan from drawing out the fmeparticlesof the material,because the movement of the vaporv is not rapidadjacent the drum.

,As willbe readily appreciated from the descripationabovegiven, if forany reason the movement ;of .the scrapers should be impeded and theyshouldbecome locked, the shear pin will be disrupted Aand thereciprocating movement of shaft `54 farrested, The shaft, however, willstill con- :tinueto rotate sol long as the motor 93 remains in actiom:

The 'actuating mechanism for the shaft 54 emplayed-Ito vreciprocate thesame is relatively sim- ;:yple and Las above noted, stands wellaway fromthe body of the drier so that it is not subjected "to temperaturechanges.

LIt has beenfound'l that wet material, or materialrhavingf-ajhighmoisture content, passing into .thefeedend of the drier, :will burnupon'the heatr:ing-pipesbetween the lhead I2 and the nearestpofsi-tilonA that. the-scraper -46 may assumewith refere'ncefito lsaid-head,due to'thefactthaty it is -impossible .to-scrape thepipesA at thispoint. "This deposit'grows-in arelatively short time 'until itReventuallyobstructs* ithescraper 46 from completing its stroke towardthe head I 2,'lwith the re- -sultnthat.: the .fshear'pin-is ruptured.When this .occurslit willV readily be yappreciated that the deposit:which` fhas r/ accumulated upon -the pipes,

- must be scraped oit and. another shear pin in- :f stalled before theldrier may be again put into operation.

I Byrproviding means whereby the outer endsof ,the pipes -II maybe-maintained y-in a relatively `cool condition, this caking or burningYof the material-'is avoided. I At theoutleteendof the drierysuclrcakirigdoes not take place, 'by reason of the fact that themoisture content ofthe `material is -sowlowered beforey it -reaches thatend, .that the `material will :not adhere to the pipes or otherelements; to any considerable extent.

.Wh-at is claimedis:

`1.1In=a drier,-.the combination of an outer casing; meanslocatedtherein for heating the ma.-

terial to-be'treated; at least one scraper movable oversaid heattransferring means. to remove. any ,accumulated materialtherefrom.; andmeans cooperative -with 4-the scraper for -disrupting any -mass l of.material which may be `compacted .againstfsaidmeans to a greater-orless degree by the scraper. f

f veach head.

the casing, and-'the Theat transferring meansy together with .thescrapeniare relatively rotatable.

. 3. In 'a drier, the combination of an outer'cas- Aingr-a drum mountedfor rotation thereinfand. 5 k.comprising a shell and two heads connected`thereto at the ends of the shell; means forfheatingsm'aterial to betreated, said means being supiporlted by-andfbet-ween 'saideheads; atleastone scraper mounted for movement over thev heatingzl .means;Vand'meansf--locatedfat at least-one of said heads for disrupting themass'of'material which may be forced thereagainst by thefscraperin amore or less .compacted state.

A4. In a drier, `the combination of acasing-hav- '.15

v ingfafeedopenin'g at one end and a discharge'at l the other: adrumzmounted for-rotation therein and ccmprisingfopposite heads andashell conl nectingthe same, saidxshell having openings for the kpassage.of r.material into -and out 'of the 20 same; .v-a. cage -of heatingpipes extending through the'drum and-supported by the heads; atleast vone scraperfmounted'upon -said pipes; means for movingthe same alongthe-pipes; and an. annular wedge-shaped element extending .fintolthe'f25 .drum from at least one-of said heads.

.and movable `.over the `pipes towardand from' saidheads;v and aseries-of V-shaped material disrupting yelements on-fthe side of the drum andadjacent thelinnerface-of *at yleastone of the heads.

n Y 4o '7. A structure as -set forth in claim- 6, wherein the Yhead isprovided on'fits inner face 'with an annularelement having aninclined-face against which v'the wider .end of each of .the V-shapedScrapers .abuts V8. VIn aV drier, the combination of -a shell; -a

..drum,-=said partsv being relatively rrotatable; -a

cage .of heating pipes -Vextending .through thedrum-andfsupportedfthereby; at least onescraper mounted upon-and movableover the pipes;A and.50 f means vlocated -at oneaend of thedrum-andacting in` conjunction with-fthe scraper-fas the same is moved.toward said-means to disrupt any'material compactedthereagainst by thescraper,`r said means acting in different :zones thereon.

9. In-adrien .thercombinationof a casing; a

drummounted-for rotation therein andcomprising-4anshell--with-oppositely vdisposed heads; a

plurality yof heating-pipes extending Ithrough thefdrum-andsupported bythe heads; a hollow;

shaft extending-throughffand connected to one of-said heads; :Websextending inwardly fromithe inner faceof said head, the 4edges whereofincline outwardly toward .the outer edge fof the .Y head; a shaft.mountedfor"reciprocationwithin saidA hol-I lowshaft; ascraper mounteduponthe pipes for movement thereover, saidscraper vcomprising an annularshaped memberihaving spoke-like members extendingv inwardly therefromandterminatlingin afhubsecured-'to said=second named shaft, 7c

said spokes -inclining inwardly away -from the scraper andhaving-itheirforward edges beveled;

and-means v for securing the hub upon the inner end of the shaft.V

10. Ina drier, the combination fof. an enclosing4 casing; a drum mountedfor rotation therein; a

cage of heating pipes extending through and supported by said drum; aplurality of Scrapers mounted upon and supported by the pipes, saidScrapers being connected to each other by rods extending therethroughand provided with nuts upon the outer ends thereof; spacer sleevessurrounding the rods intermediate the adjacent Scrapers; and means form'oving said Scrapers over the pipes.

l1. In a drier, the combination of an enclosing casing; a drum mountedfor rotation therein; a series of heating pipes extending longitudinallythrough and attached to the heads of the drum; Scrapers mounted uponsaid pipes for movement thereover; a hollow shaft extending outwardlythrough one end of the drier and rigidly connected to the adjacent headof the drum; means for rotating said hollow shaft; a second shaftmounted, for rotation with and reciprocating movement in said hollowshaft, said second shaft being rigidly secured to that scraper adjacentthe head to which the hollow shaft is secured; and means for impartingreciprocation to said second shaft, whereby the Scrapers will be causedto traverse back and forth over the pipes as the drum and Scrapers arerotated within the housing.

12. A structure as set forth in claim 11, wherein the reciprocatingmovement of the shaft which is connected to the scraper is produced by adouble cylindrical cam formed upon the outer portion of the shaft whichis attached to the scraper.

13. A structure as set forth in claim 12, wherein the scraper adjacentthe head end of the drier is carried by an element secured to the innerend of shaft ad rotatable with said shaft.

14. In a drier, the combination of a drum; a casing surrounding thesame; a driving shaft secured to one end of the drum; heating meansextending through and carried by the drum; scraping means cooperatingwith Said heating means, Said scraping means being mounted upon andmovable over said heating means; a second shaft connected to saidscraping means for moving the latter, said shaft extending outwardly ofone end of the drier; a double cylindrical cam formed upon the outerportion of said shaft; a follower mounted in a normally fixed element,said follower extending into the cam grooves and effecting reciprocationof the shaft upon rotation of the latter; and a shear pin connecting themember in which the follower is mounted to a fixed portion of thestructure.

15. In a drier, the combination of a casing; a drum mounted for rotationtherein, said drum being formed from a plurality of curved or arcuatesections each section having one edge inturned or flanged, a series ofspaced arms extending from the opposite edge of each of said members andsecured to said anges and a plurality of scraper elements formed uponthat edge from which the arms extend, said scraper elements extendingoutwardly from the body of the drum in an inclined direction; and a headsecured to each end of the drum.

16. A structure as set forth in claim 15, wherein a plurality of armsextend outwardly from each end of the drum-like member and are secureddirectly to the head elements..

17. A structure as set forth in claim 15, wherein the drum is providedat each end with a plurality of outwardly extending arms secured to theadjacent heads and each of said arms upon its inner face is providedwith a V-shaped or wedge-like element extending inwardly toward the axisof the drum, the wedge increasing in height toward the outer end of thearm.

18. In a drier, the combination of a fixed casing; a drum mounted forrotation therein, said drum comprising a substantially cylindrical bodyand heads at the opposite ends thereof which are secured thereto; aseries of heating pipes extending through the drum and secured at theiropposite ends to the heads; means for introducing heating medium intosaid pipes; a plurality of Scrapers mounted upon and reciprocable oversaid pipes; means for securing said Scrapers in spaced relation; meansfor rotating the drum; and means for imparting a reciprocatory motion tothe Scrapers.

19. In a drier, the combination of a casing; a drum mounted for rotationtherein; a series of pipes connected at their outer ends to the oppositeheads of said drum; means connected to one of said heads for rotatingthe latter, and thereby rotating the drum and pipes; means forintroducing fluid heating medium into said pipes; and means forimparting recprocatory movement to the Scrapers back and forth over thepipes.

20. In a drier, the combination of a casing; a drum mounted for rotationtherein, said drum comprising a shell and oppositely disposed heads atthe ends thereof, that head at the intake end at least having an elementextending inwardly into the body of the shell; a plurality of pipessecured to the opposite heads, said pipes at the infeed end of the drierbeing open at their ends and stopped off inwardly of the inwardlyextending element formed upon the head; and a scraper for the pipes,said scraper acting with the inwardly extending element to Idisrupt anycompacted material.

21. In a drier, the combination of a casing;

`a heating drum for the material to be dried mounted within said casing;heating means located therein; a reciprocating scraper movable over theheating means to prevent accumulation of material thereon; and meanslocated within, associated with and projecting into the drum at least atone end thereof, said means coacting with the scraper to disrupt anycompacted material moved toward Said last named means by the scraper.

22. A drier as Set forth in claim 21, wherein disrupting means isprovided at each end of the drum and cooperates with the scraping means.

23. In a drier, the combination of a drum; means for heating the same; acasing for the drier, the upper portion whereof at least at one end ofthe heating means is elevated to an appreciable extent above the heatingmeans; and an olf-take leading from said elevated portion, wherebyvapors resulting from the drying action readily arise and cooking actionwithin the drier is thereby precluded.

24. In a drier, the combination of an enclosing casing; a drum mountedfor rotation therein; a cage of heating pipes extending through andsupported by the heads of said drum; a plurality of Scrapers mountedupon and loosely supported by said pipes, said Scrapers being connectedto each other by rods extending therethrough with spacer sleevessurrounding the rods intermediate the adjacent Scrapers, the sleevesbeing shorter in the aggregate than the length of the rods and thethickness of the Scrapers; nuts secured to the ends of the rods; andmeans for moving said Scrapers over the pipes. 475

25. A structure as set forth in claim 24, wherein the openings in thescrapers through which the pipes pass are of a diameter larger than thediameter of the pipes.

26. In a drier, the combination of an enclosing casing; a drum mountedfor rotation therein; a cage of heating pipes extending through andsupported by said drum; a plurality of scrapers loosely mounted upon andsupported by the pipes; means for securing said Scrapers with referenceto each other, said means being such as to admit of slight relativemovement between the Scrapers; and means for moving the scrapers backand forth over the pipes.

27. In a drier, the combination of a drum comprising heads and aconnecting body, one of said heads being provided with inlet and outletpassages for a heating medium; and a plurality of pipes connected tosaid pass-ages, said pipes being supported by the heads and the pipes atthat head opposite that which is provided with the inlet and outletopenings being closed oi short of the inner face of said last named headthereby preventing the passage of the heating medium to the outerportion of the pipes, whereby said outer portion is maintained in arelatively cool condition.

28. A structure as set forth in claim 2'7, wherein the pipes at that endremote from the head having intake and exhaust openings for the heatingmedium have blocks or Stoppers secured therein at a point inward of theinner face of the head at such end, whereby the flow of heating mediumthrough such end is prevented.

29. A structure as set forth in claim 27, wherein Scrapers are mountedfor movement over the pipes, and that head at which the pipes are closed01T is provided with material disrupting means.

30. A structure as set forth in claim 1, Wherein the disrupting meanswhich cooperates with the scraper is V-shaped in cross section.

31. A structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein the disrupting meansWhich cooperates with the scraper is annular in outline and has the formof an inverted V in cross section.

32. In a drier,- the combination of an outer casing; means locatedtherein for heating the material to be treated; at least one scrapermovable over said heat transferring means to remove any accumulatedmaterial therefrom; and means located at at least one end of the driercooperating with the Scrapers for disrupting any material which may becompacted against said means, this to a greater or less degree by thescraper, said means being rotatable with the heat transferring means.

33. In a drier, the combination of an outer casing; means locatedtherein for heating the material to be treated; at least one scrapermovable over said heat transferring means to remove any accumulatedmaterial therefrom; and means located at at least one end of the driercooperating with the Scrapers for disrupting any material which may becompacted against said means,

this to a greater or less degree by the scraper,

said means being rotatable with the heat transferring means and beingV-shaped in cross section.

ORLIN S. ANDERSON.

RAYMOND TUTTLE ANDERSON.

CERTLFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent, ,2,042,979 June a, w56,

@RLIN S- ANDEBSQN, ET AL,

It s hereby Certified that error appearsy in the printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 6,first column, line 55, Claim l5, fel the reference' numeral "l2" readll; and line 58, same claim, for "ad" read and; and that the saidLetters Patent should be read with corrections therein that the Same mayConform t; the record o1" the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and Sealed this 21st day of July, A. D, l936,

Henry Van Asdale (Seal) Acting Commiseionel^ of Patents.

